var bio=new Array()
bio[0]=["Luis Moreno", "Dr. Luis Moreno-Ocampo
Prosecutor, International Criminal Court", "luis-moreno-ocampo1.jpg","On 21 April 2003, Luis Moreno-Ocampo was unanimously elected in New York as the first Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court. His mandate is to select and trigger investigations and prosecutions of the most serious crimes of concern to the international community, namely genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. He has currently opened investigations into the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Darfur (the Sudan) and the Central African Republic, and analysed alleged crimes under the jurisdiction of the Court and the existence of genuine national proceedings in Georgia, Colombia, Kenya, Afghanistan and Côte d'Ivoire. Prior to joining the International Criminal Court, Dr. Moreno-Ocampo had a distinguished career as a prosecutor in Argentina, where he played a key role in the trials connected with the transition from dictatorship to democracy. In 1985 Dr. Moreno-Ocampo was the deputy prosecutor in the \"military juntas trial\", the first case against top commanders responsible for mass atrocities since the Nüremberg trials. He also served as prosecutor of the Federal Criminal Court of Buenos Aires from 1987 to 1992. During those years, he participated in prosecutions against guerrilla leaders and military rebellions. He also conducted a great number of prosecutions against public officials for corruption. Upon his resignation in 1992, Dr. Moreno-Ocampo founded a private law firm specialised in corruption control.
He was a board member of national and international NGO's and was visiting professor at both Stanford and Harvard Universities. Dr. Moreno-Ocampo is a graduate of the University of Buenos Aires Law School and has published books and articles relating inter alia to massive crimes and corruption."]
bio[1]=["Erik Fribergh", "Mr. Erik Fribergh
Registrar of the European Court of Human Rights", "erik-fribergh.jpg","Mr. Erik Fribergh has been the Registrar of the European Court of Human Rights since November 2005. Prior to this appointment, he served the Court as Deputy Registrar from 2002-2005.
Between the years 1973 and 1976, Mr. Fribergh worked as a law clerk at the District Court of Härnösand, the County Administrative Court and the Authority of the Region of Västernorrland. In 1976, he became an associate judge and judge at the Administrative Court of Appeal of Gothenburg. Two years later, Mr. Fribergh took the position of Deputy Secretary to the Governmental Commission against Unnecessary Bureaucracy, Ministry of Local Government, and to the Governmental Committee on Administrative Law, Ministry of Justice from 1979 through 1981. From 1981-1991, he served as Legal Administrator in the Secretariat of the European Commission of Human Rights, and from 1991 to 1993 he was Head of Section, Personnel Division, Directorate of Administration, Council of Europe. From 1993 to 1997, he was Head of Division and then Deputy to the Secretary of the European Commission of Human Rights. He then spent one year as Deputy Secretary to the European Commission of Human Rights. From 1998 to 2002, he worked as the Section Registrar of the new European Court of Human Rights.
Mr. Erik Fribergh received degrees in Law and Economics from the University of Lund in 1973."]
bio[2]=["Richard Goldstone", "Justice Richard Goldstone
Former Chief Prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunals for Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia", "r_goldstone.jpg","Justice Richard J. Goldstone is a director of the International Center for Transitional Justice, the Center for Economic and Social Rights, the Institute for Transitional Justice and Reconciliation and Physicians for Human Rights, and is on the advisory board of the Project on Justice in Times of Transition. For many years he has served as a governor of the Hebrew University in Jerusalem.
After graduating from the University of the Witwatersrand in1962, he practiced as an Advocate at the Johannesburg Bar. In 1976 he was appointed Senior Counsel, and was made Judge of the Transvaal Supreme Court in 1980. In 1989 he was appointed Judge of the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court, and he served as a Justice of the Constitutional Court of South Africa from 1994 through 2003. From 1991 to 1994, he served as Chairperson of the Commission of Inquiry regarding Public Violence and Intimidation which came to be known as the Goldstone Commission. From 1994 through 1996, Justice Goldstone served as the Chief Prosecutor of the United Nations International Criminal Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. In 1998, he chaired a high level group of international experts which drafted a Declaration of Human Duties and Responsibilities for the Director General of UNESCO (the Valencia Declaration). From 1999 through 2001, he chaired the International Independent Inquiry on Kosovo. In 2001, Justice Goldstone was appointed chairperson of the International Task Force on Terrorism that was established by the International Bar Association. From 1985 to 2000, he acted as National President of the National Institute of Crime Prevention and the Rehabilitation of Offenders (NICRO). In 2004, the secretary-general of the United Nations appointed Justice Goldstone to the independent committee to investigate the Iraqi oil-for-food program. In 2007, he was appointed by the Registrars of the United Nations International Criminal Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda to chair an Advisory Committee on the Archiving of the Documents and Records of the two tribunals. In April 2009, Justice Goldstone was appointed to lead an independent investigation of international human rights and humanitarian law violations related to the recent conflict in the Gaza Strip for the Human Rights Council.
Justice Goldstone has been a visiting professor at NYU Law School, Fordham Law School, Georgetown Law School and Harvard Law School. He is currently the Bacon-Kilkenny Distinguished Professor at Fordham Law School. Justice Goldstone has been the recipient of many local and international awards, and has held various honorary positions. His most recent award is the MacArthur Foundation Award for International Justice."]
bio[3]=["Oby Nwankwo", "Ms. Oby Nwankwo
Civil Resource Development and Documentation Center Nigeria", "oby-nwankwo.jpg","Ms. Oby Nwankwo is the founder and Executive Director of the Civil Resource Development and Documentation Center (CIRDDOC) Nigeria, an independent, non-governmental and not-for-profit organization. CIRDDOC was established in 1996 to promote and protect human rights, good governance, and gender equality. The center also provides the people of Nigeria access to justice and strengthens civil society.
Prior to establishing the CIRDDOC, Ms. Nwankwo coordinated the Legal Aid Project of the International Federation of Women Lawyers for several years. She has attended major international conferences and meetings on women's rights, human rights, and leadership. She has also participated and served in the United Nations Preparatory Committee on the International Criminal Court and the UN Commission on the Status of Women."]
bio[4]=["George Rupp", "Dr. George Rupp
President of the International Rescue Committee", "george-rupp.jpg","George Rupp has been president and CEO of the International Rescue Committee since July 2002. Dr. Rupp oversees the agency's relief and development operations in 42 countries, its refugee resettlement programs throughout the United States, and its advocacy efforts in Washington, Geneva, Brussels and other capitals.
Before joining the IRC, Dr. Rupp served as president of Columbia University. During his nine-year tenure, he focused on enhancing undergraduate education, on strengthening campus ties to surrounding communities and New York City as a whole, and on increasing the university's international orientation. Earlier, Dr. Rupp served as president of Rice University and before that was the John Lord O'Brian Professor of Divinity and dean of the Harvard Divinity School.
Educated in Europe and Asia as well as the United States, he is the author of numerous articles and five books, including Globalization Challenged: Commitment, Conflict, and Community (2006)."]
bio[5]=["Dinah L. Shelton", "Commissioner Dinah L. Shelton
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights Manatt/Ahn Professor of International Law at the George Washington University Law School ", "dinah-shelton.jpg","Commissioner Shelton was elected a member of the Inter-American Human Rights Commission in June 2009, and has been on faculty at the George Washington University Law School since 2004. Before accepting this position, she taught as a professor of international law and at the University of Notre Dame Law School, where she also served as director of the doctoral program in international human rights law from 1996 through 2004. Prior to this appointment, she taught throughout California and has been a visiting professor at the University of Paris, and the University of Strasbourg, France. From 1987 to 1989, she was the director of the Office of Staff Attorneys at the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. She has worked as a legal consultant to the United Nations Environment Programme, UNITAR, World Health Organization, European Union, Council of Europe, and Organization of American States.
Professor Shelton also serves on the boards of many human rights and environmental organizations and was awarded the Elisabeth Haub Prize for Environmental Law. She is a member of the board of editors of the American Journal of International Law, and Vice-President of the American Society of International Law.
Professor Shelton has contributed as author or editor to three prize-winning books. She has also authored many articles and books on international law, human rights law, and international environmental law. Professor Shelton holds a B.A. and J.D. from the University of California, Berkeley."]
bio[6]=["Kenneth Roth", "Mr. Kenneth Roth
Executive Director of Human Rights Watch", "Ken_Roth.jpg","Mr. Kenneth Roth became the executive director of Human Rights Watch in 1993. He first joined Human Rights Watch as deputy director in 1987. Mr. Roth has also worked as a federal prosecutor for both the United States Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York, as well as the Iran-Contra investigation in Washington, D.C. He has investigated human rights abuses around the world, and holds particular expertise on issues pertaining to justice and accountability for mass atrocities, military conduct in war under international humanitarian law, and counterterrorism policy. In addition, Mr. Roth closely follows the human rights policies of the United States, the European Union, and the United Nations, and is an authority on the human rights responsibilities of multinational businesses.
Mr. Roth completed his undergraduate studies at Brown University, and is a graduate of Yale Law School. He has published more than one hundred articles and chapters relating to various human rights topics."]
bio[7]=["Christian Wenaweser", "H.E. Ambassador Christian Wenaweser
President of the Assembly of States Parties to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court", "liechtens.jpg","H.E. Ambassador Christian Wenaweser became the President of the Assembly of States Parties to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court in November 2008. He first joined the United Nations in 1992 as a Desk Officer in the Office for Foreign Affairs, in Vaduz, Liechtenstein. Mr. Wenaweser held this position for six years, and simultaneously served as First Secretary at the Permanent Mission of the Principality of Liechtenstein to the United Nations in New York. In1998, he changed positions, serving as Counselor and Deputy Permanent Representative through 2002.
In 2002, Mr. Wenaweser became the Permanent Representative of Liechtenstein to the United Nations in New York. From 2004 to 2009, he served as Chairman of the Special Working Group on the Crime of Aggression. During that time period, he also held vice-presidential and chairman positions for various enterprises, including the 61st session of the UN General Assembly (2006-2007), Open-Ended Working Group on Security Council Reform (2004-2005), and the Ad hoc Committee on the Scope of Legal Protection under the 1994 Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel (2003-2005).
Mr. Wenaweser studied literature, languages, history and philosophy at Zurich University, as well as diplomacy at the Institut Universitaire de Hautes Etudes Internationales in Geneva."]
bio[8]=["Sang-hyun Song", "Justice Sang-hyun Song
President of the International Criminal Court", "sang-hyun-song.jpg","Justice Sang-hyun Song was appointed President of the International Criminal Court (ICC) in March 2009. Assigned to the Appeals Division, he was elected from the Asian Group of States, list A. He initially joined in 2003, when he became a judge for a term of nine years.
Justice Song has extensive practical and academic experience in the area of court management, criminal procedure, and the law of evidence. For thirty years, he taught as a professor of law at Seoul National University Law School, beginning in 1972. He has also held visiting professorships at a number of law schools, including Harvard, New York University, and Melbourne. Justice Song also worked as Judge-Advocate in the Korean Army and as foreign attorney in a New York law firm. He serves as a member of the advisory committee to the Korean Supreme Court and Ministry of Justice. As such, he participated in the reform of the national litigation system, particularly in the reform of its Penal Code, the Code and the Court Rules of Criminal Procedure, and criminal court processes.
Justice Song has vast experience in relevant areas of international law, principally in the domains of international humanitarian law and human rights law. He has worked as an attorney and visiting professor in a number of foreign countries, and is the Vice-President of UNICEF/Korea and co-founder of the Legal Aid Centre for Women and of the Childhood Leukemia Foundation in Seoul.
Justice Song is also the respected author of several publications on relevant legal issues. He received an LL.B. degree in 1963 from Seoul National University Law School, and a J.S.D. degree in 1970 from at Cornell Law School. He has been a member of the Korean Bar since 1964."]
bio[9]=["Peter Bell", "Peter D. Bell
Senior Research Fellow
Hauser Center for Nonprofit Organizations, Harvard University", "peter-bell.jpg","Peter D. Bell has been a senior research fellow at Harvard's Hauser Center for Nonprofit Organizations since September 2007. He has also co-chaired the Joint Learning Initiative on Children and HIV/AIDS and chairs the facilitation group for the NGO Leaders Forum. Previously, he served for ten years as president of CARE USA, one of the world's largest private relief and development organizations. Before becoming president of CARE in 1995, he had been a member of its Board of Directors for seven years, the last five as its chair.
Mr. Bell has a long-standing commitment to fighting poverty, advancing human rights and preventing violent conflict. As president of The Edna McConnell Clark Foundation for nine years before joining CARE, he sought to improve conditions for people who are poor and disadvantaged, primarily in the United States. Mr. Bell was a senior associate of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace from 1984 to 1986, and president of the Inter-American Foundation, which supports grassroots development in Latin America and the Caribbean, from 1980 to 1983. He served as Deputy Under-Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare during the Carter Administration.. Earlier, he worked for the Ford Foundation for 12 years, including ten with its Latin American program.
Mr. Bell's volunteer positions include being vice chair of the Bernard Van Leer Foundation, a director of The Global Water Challenge, a director of Transparency International-USA, a trustee of the World Peace Foundation and chairman emeritus of the Inter-American Dialogue. He was formerly chair of the ONE Campaign, a director of Human Rights Watch, chair of the Refugee Policy Group and chair of the advisory council of the Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton.
Mr. Bell has published articles on international affairs in major newspapers including The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal, The Los Angeles Times and The Christian Science Monitor, and in various journals and books.
A native of Gloucester, MA, Mr. Bell is a graduate of Yale College, and obtained a master's degree in public affairs from the Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton. He speaks Spanish and Portuguese, and has lived in Chile, Brazil, Mexico, Ivory Coast and Japan."]
bio[10]=["Augustine P. Mahiga", "H.E. Ambassador Dr. Augustine P. Mahiga
Permanent Representative of the United Republic of Tanzania to the United Nations", "augustine_mahiga.jpg","H.E. Ambassador Dr. Augustine P. Mahiga is the Permanent Representative of the United Republic of Tanzania to the United Nations. From 2005 to 2006, he led the Tanzania team as a Non-permanent Member of the Security Council, and in January 2006 was appointed to be the Council's President.
Prior to being appointed Permanent Representative of the United Republic of Tanzania to the United Nations in May 2003, he worked for 10 years with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in Geneva as Deputy Director for Africa and Representative in Liberia, India and Italy. Previous positions include teaching at the University of Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania, Director in the President's Office, and Diplomat in Ottawa and Geneva. Dr. Mahiga was co-chair to operationalize Peacebuilding Commission in 2005, and to the General Assembly negotiations on implementation of United Nations System-Wide Coherence. He also served as Chairman of the DPKO/OCHA Independent study on the Protection of Civilians in Peacekeeping missions in 2009.
Dr. Mahiga has researched and written on regional cooperation, conflict resolution, peace building and related humanitarian and development issues in Africa. He studied International Relations, and holds degrees from the University of East Africa in Dar-es-Salaam and the University of Toronto, Canada."]
bio[11]=["Rita Hauser", "Dr. Rita Hauser
Chair of the International Peace Institute", "rita-hauser.jpg","Rita E. Hauser '58, President of The Hauser Foundation, is an international lawyer and was a senior partner for more than twenty years at the New York City law firm Stroock & Stroock & Lavan. Dr. Hauser served on the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board from 2001 to 2004.
Dr. Hauser chairs The International Peace Institute (affiliated with the United Nations) and is Chair of the Advisory Board of the International Crisis Group. She was elected in 2007 to the Foundation Board of the Global Humanitarian Forum in Geneva, Switzerland, chaired by Kofi Annan. She chairs The American Ditchley Foundation, supporting Great Britain's leading conference center. She is a director of: The International Institute for Strategic Studies (London), The RAND Corporation, the International Advisory Council of The Lowy Institute for International Policy (Sydney, Australia); and the International Board, The Center for International Governance Innovation (Canada). She served on the Visiting Committee of the John F. Kennedy School at Harvard University, and is Vice-Chairman of the Dean's Advisory Board at Harvard Law School. Dr. Hauser was National Co-Chair of the last Harvard University Campaign. She holds advanced degrees from the University of Strasbourg in France, Harvard and NYU Law Schools, and the University of Paris Law Faculty.
She is a Director of Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts in New York City, and was a Director of the New York Philharmonic Society for more than twenty years.
In April 1997 she and her husband founded The Hauser Center for Nonprofit Organizations at Harvard University, and she is Chair of its Advisory Board. The Hausers were the principal benefactors of the Hauser Global Law School Program at New York University Law School which supports the Global Scholars Program and Visiting Global Faculty. It is the centerpiece of the Law School's global initiative. Dr. Hauser serves on the Board of Trustees of New York University Law School.
She was awarded The Judge Edward Weinfeld Award in 2008, as well as The Albert Gallatin Medal in 2006, which are the highest honors for public service of New York University; and the Vanderbilt Medal in 2004, the highest honor of New York University School of Law. She was honored in October 2008 with the Award of the Women's Leadership Summit of Harvard Law School and in 1999 received The Harvard Medal for distinguished service to Harvard University."]
bio[12]=["Silvana Arbia", "Justice Silvana Arbia
Registrar of the International Criminal Court", "silvana-arbia.jpg","In February 2008, Justice Silvana Arbia was elected as the new Registrar of the International Criminal Court (ICC) for a five year term. Justice Arbia is a judge of the Italian Supreme Court, habilitated to fill the highest judicial office in Italy.
Prior to accepting this appointment with the ICC, Justice Arbia worked as Chief of Prosecutions in the Office of the Prosecutor (OTP) of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR). She began at the ICTR in 1999 as a Senior Trial Attorney and later Acting Chief of Prosecutions. During this time, she directed the prosecution of significant cases before the ICTR. Justice Arbia was also a member of the Italian delegation at the 1998 Diplomatic Conference in Rome, and as such participated in the establishment of the Rome Statute."]
bio[13]=["Barry Lowenkron", "Mr. Barry Lowenkron
Vice President of the Program on Global Security and Sustainability, MacArthur Foundation", "blowenkron_1.jpg","Barry Lowenkron is Vice President of the Program on Global Security & Sustainability at the MacArthur Foundation. Before joining MacArthur in September 2007, he served as Assistant Secretary of State for the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, representing the President and the Secretary of State abroad as well as before the U.S. Congress, the press, and the public.
From 1979 until 2005, Lowenkron taught courses on American Foreign Policy as an Adjunct Lecturer at the Nitze School of Advanced International Studies of the Johns Hopkins University. He has been a Ford Foundation Fellow on Arms Control and Eastern Europe and a Hubert H. Humphrey Fellow. Mr. Lowenkron is also a member of the Council on Foreign Relations.
Mr. Lowenkron has worked on a range of international issues across a number of federal agencies, and has been an indispensable leader in the field of global human rights. He piloted the establishment of a set of core principles for protection of non-governmental organizations that are now official U.S. policy, and led high-level human rights and democracy dialogues with regional institutions and key countries. Mr. Lowenkron has also served as Director of European Security Affairs at the White House National Security Council, Civilian Special Assistant to Gen. Colin Powell, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff; Special Assistant to the Director of Central Intelligence; and senior member of the State Department's Policy Planning staff under Secretaries Shultz, Powell, and Rice.
Mr. Lowenkron received his M.A. with distinction in 1977 from the Nitze School of Advanced International studies, and his B.A. with high honors in 1973 from Northeastern University in Boston, Massachusetts."]
bio[14]=["Catharine A. MacKinnon", "Professor Catharine A. MacKinnon
Special Gender Advisor, International Criminal Court", "mackinnon.jpg","Catharine A. MacKinnon is a lawyer, teacher, writer, and activist on sex equality domestically and internationally. She is Elizabeth A. Long Professor of Law at the University of Michigan, The James Barr Ames long-term visitor at Harvard Law School, and Special Gender Adviser to the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court. She has taught at twelve law schools including Yale, Stanford, Chicago, Osgoode Hall (Toronto), Columbia, and Hebrew University (Jerusalem) and been a fellow at the Institute for Advanced Study (Berlin, 1992-3) and the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences (Stanford, 2005-6). Widely published in many languages (three of which she speaks in addition to English) her dozen books include Sex Equality (2001/2007), Toward a Feminist Theory of the State (1989), Only Words (1993), Sexual Harassment of Working Women (1979), and most recently, Women's Lives, Men's Laws (2005) and Are Women Human? (2006). She created the concept that sexual abuse violates equality rights, pioneering the legal claim for sexual harassment as sex discrimination and, with Andrea Dworkin, recognition of the harms of pornography as civil rights violations. The Supreme Court of Canada has largely accepted her approach to equality, hate speech, and pornography. Representing Bosnian women survivors of Serbian genocidal sexual atrocities, she established legal recognition of rape as an act of genocide and won with co-counsel a $745 million verdict at trial. She works with Equality Now, an international NGO promoting sex equality worldwide, and the Coalition against Trafficking in Women (CATW). Empirical studies document that Professor MacKinnon is one of the most widely-cited legal scholars in the English language."]
bio[15]=["Lloyd Axworthy", "Honorable Lloyd Axworthy
President and Vice Chancellor of the University of Winnipeg
Former Canadian Minister of Foreign Affairs", "lloyd-axworthy.jpg","Honorable Lloyd Axworthy is the President and Vice-Chancellor of The University of Winnipeg, as well as the Former Director and CEO of the Liu Institute for Global Issues at the University of British Columbia and Canada's Foreign Minister.
Dr. Axworthy served in the Manitoba Legislative Assembly for six years and in the Federal Parliament for over two decades. He has held several Cabinet positions, including Minister of Employment and Immigration, Minister Responsible for the Status of Women, Minister of Transport, Minister of Human Resources Development, Minister of Western Economic Diversification, and Minister of Foreign Affairs. In 2004, United Nations Secretary General Kofi Annan appointed Lloyd Axworthy as his special envoy for Ethiopia-Eritrea to assist in implementing a peace agreement between the East African countries. In 2006, the Organization of American States appointed Dr. Axworthy to head the OAS Electoral Observation Mission, which monitored the 2006 general elections in Peru. He was a member of the High Level Commission for the Empowerment of the Poor, and currently acts as a commissioner on the Aspen Institute's Dialogue and Commission on Arctic Climate Change. Dr. Axworthy also serves on the boards of various organizations, such as the MacArthur Foundation, Lester B. Pearson College, and the University of the Arctic.
Dr. Axworthy is the recipient of several prestigious awards and honors. He is internationally known for his advancement of the human security concept, in particular, the Ottawa Treaty, a landmark global treaty banning anti-personnel landmines. For his leadership on landmines, he was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize. In addition, Dr. Axworthy has received honorary doctorates from Queen's University, Lakehead University, University of Victoria, University of Denver, Niagara University, The University of Winnipeg, Dalhousie University, University of Manitoba, University of Guelph, McMaster University, Wilfrid Laurier University and the University of Calgary. His book, Navigating a New World - Canada's Global Future, was published in 2003
Dr. Axworthy graduated in 1961 with a B.A. from United College (now The University of Winnipeg), and received an M.A. and Ph.D. from Princeton in 1963 and 1972, respectively."]
bio[16]=["Cherif Bassiouni", "Professor Cherif Bassiouni
Distinguished Research Professor of Law at DePaul University College of Law", "m-cherif-bassiouni.jpg","Professor Cherif Bassiouni is a distinguished research professor of law at DePaul University College of Law, and president emeritus of the law school's International Human Rights Law Institute. He is also the president of the International Institute of Higher Studies in Criminal Sciences in Siracusa, Italy, and honorary president of the International Association of Penal Law in Paris, France.
In 1977, Professor Bassiouni joined the United Nations as co-chair of the Committee of Experts to draft the Convention on the Prevention and Suppression of Torture. He also served the UN as both member and chairman of the Security Council's Commission to Investigate War Crimes in the Former Yugoslavia from 1992-1994. In 1995 and 1998, he acted as vice-chairman of the General Assembly's Ad Hoc and Preparatory Committees on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court. He also served the UN as chairman of the Drafting Committee of the 1998 Diplomatic Conference on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court. From 1998 through 2000, Professor Bassiouni worked as an independent expert for the Commission on Human Rights on the Rights to Restitution, Compensation and Rehabilitation for Victims of Grave Violations of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, and later as an independent expert for the Commission on Human Rights on the Situation of Human Rights in Afghanistan from 2004 through 2006.
Professor Bassiouni has been the recipient of various medals and awards, and was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1999 for his work in international criminal justice and his contribution to the creation of the International Criminal Court. He received his J.D. from Indiana University, as well as other degrees from the University of Cairo, John Marshall Law School, George Washington University, University of Torino, University of Pau, Niagara University and the National University of Ireland. Professor Bassiouni has authored and edited numerous books and articles, and his work has been published in ten languages."]
bio[17]=["Hassan B. Jallow", "Justice Hassan B. Jallow
Prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda", "hassan-jallow.jpg","Prior to becoming the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, Justice Hassan Bubacar Jallow served as a Judge of the Appeals Chamber of the Special Court for Sierra Leone on the appointment of the UN Secretary-General in 2002 as well as a member of the Commonwealth Secretariat Arbitral Tribunal.
In 1976, Justice Jallow began his career as State Attorney in the Attorney Generals' Chambers in the Gambia, a position he maintained until he was appointed Solicitor General in 1982. He also served as a legal expert for the Organization of African Unity, and participated in drafting and concluding the African Charter on Human and People's Rights, which was adopted in 1981. From 1984 to 1994, he served as Gambia's Attorney-General and Minister of Justice. He subsequently worked as a Judge of the Gambia's Supreme Court from 1998 through 2002. Also in 1998, he was appointed by the United Nations Secretary General to serve as an international legal expert and carry out a judicial evaluation of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and the International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia. He has also served the Commonwealth in various respects including chairing the Governmental Working Group of Experts in Human Rights. Justice Jallow is the recipient of the honour of Commander of the National Order of the Republic of Gambia.
Justice Hassan B. Jallow studied law at the University of Dar es Salaam Tanzania (1973), the Nigerian Law School (1976) and the University College, London (1978)."]
bio[18]=["Ben Keesey", "Mr. Ben Keesey
CEO of Invisible Children, Inc.", "ben-keesey.jpg","Mr. Ben Keesey serves as Executive Director and Chief Executive Officer of Invisible Children, Inc. He officially joined the organization in 2005 as its Chief Financial Officer. Prior to taking this position, Mr. Keesey worked with Deloitte and Touche LLP, JP Morgan & Associates and Brentwood Associates Private Equity.
Mr. Keesey has lived in the United States and Africa, and exhibits a strong value of hard work, and a spirit of adventure. He is most renowned for his participation in the development of the documentary film, Invisible Children: Rough Cut. This important film, which takes place in Northern Uganda, is an exposé of the devastating and traumatic effects of the two-decade long war on the resident youth. Under the leadership of Mr. Keesey, this initially unknown, grassroots film has transformed into an international phenomenon, and is now revolutionizing culture, policy and lives.
Mr. Keesey received his B.A. in Applied Mathematics, Management & Accounting from the University of California, Los Angeles."]
bio[19]=["Philippe Kirsch", "Justice Philippe Kirsch
International Criminal Court Judge (2003-2009)
First President of the International Criminal Court", "philippe-kirsch.jpg","Justice Philippe Kirsch was one among the first elected Justices of the International Criminal Court (ICC). He was elected to serve for a 6 year period from the Western European and others Group of States (WEOG). He is currently Judge ad hoc at the International Court of Justice.
Justice Kirsch is member of the Bar of the Province of Quebec and was appointed Queen's Counsel in 1988. In 1998, Justice Kirsch, then Legal Adviser to the Department, served as Chairman of the Committee of the Whole of the United Nations Diplomatic Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court (the Rome Conference). From 1972 to 2003 he served at the Department of Foreign affairs and International Trade of Canada. From 1999 to 2002, he served as Chairman of the Preparatory Commission for the International Criminal Court. Justice Kirsch has also served as Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the International Conference on the Protection of War Victims in 1993, as well as the Drafting Committee at the 26th and 27th International Conferences of the Red Cross and the Red Crescent in 1995 and 1999, respectively. He has also served as Chairman of the United Nations Ad Hoc Committee that elaborated the International Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel from 1993 to 1994, as well as the United Nations Ad Hoc Committee for the Suppression of Acts of Terrorism from 1997 to 1999. In addition, he chaired the Canadian National Committee on Humanitarian Law from 1998 to 1999, and was a member of the Group of International Advisers to the International Committee of the Red Cross from 2000 through 2003.
Justice Kirsch has extensive experience in international humanitarian law, as well as in the development of international criminal law. He has appeared twice as an Agent before the International Court of Justice, participated in international arbitrations, and served as a Member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration from 1995 to 1999. Justice Kirsch has also written extensively on the International Criminal Court and other international legal issues."]
bio[20]=["Garcia Ramirez", "Justice Sergio Garcia Ramirez
Inter-American Court of Human Rights", "ser_g_ramirez.jpg","Justice Sergio Garcia Ramirez is a Mexican Jurist, and a Judge of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, which he joined in 1997. From 2004 through 2008, he served as President of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. In addition, Justice Ramirez works as both a Professor at the Autonomous University of Mexico's Law School, (UNAM), and as a Researcher at the Judicial Investigations Institute. He is presently the Emeritus Researcher of the National System of Investigators.
Justice Ramirez served as Attorney General from 1982 through 1988. From 1993 to 2005, he was a member of the Governing Board of the UNAM. Justice Ramirez also was president (founder) of the Government's Meeting of the National Institute of Criminal Sciences. He has also spent eight years as the director of UNAM's \"Magazine of the School of Law.\"
Justice Ramirez completed his university studies at the UNAM School of Law. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1963 with honorable mention, and a Ph.D. in 1971, magna cum laude, the first given in the Ph.D. in Law at the UNAM."]
bio[21]=["Christopher Stone", "Christopher Stone
Faculty Director of the Hauser Center for Nonprofit Organizations at Harvard University ", "chris-stone.jpg","Christopher Stone joined the Hauser Center for Nonprofit Organizations at Harvard University as faculty director in 2008. He is the Daniel and Florence Guggenheim Professor of the Practice of Criminal Justice at Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government, where he also serves as faculty chair of the Program in Criminal Justice Policy and Management.
Prior to his appointments at Harvard, Mr. Stone led the Vera Institute of Justice from 1994 to 2004, having joined the Institute in 1986 as head of its London office. His work focuses on institutional reform of police, prosecution, and public defense services in the United States and internationally. In 2006, Mr. Stone was awarded an honorary OBE for his contributions to criminal justice reform in the United Kingdom.
Mr. Stone has guided the start-up of eight nonprofit organizations pursuing justice from Johannesburg to Los Angeles and New York. He also served from 2003 to 2008 as the founding chair of Altus, an alliance of nongovernmental organizations and academic centers in Russia, India, Nigeria, Chile, Brazil, and the United States that continue jointly pursuing justice sector reform.
Mr. Stone received his AB from Harvard, an MPhil. in criminology from the University of Cambridge, and his JD from the Yale Law School."]
bio[22]=["Patrick L. Robinson", "Justice Patrick L. Robinson
President of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia", "pat_robinson.jpg","Judge Patrick Lipton Robinson of Jamaica is the Tribunal's current President, elected to this position by his fellow judges on 4 November 2008. He was first elected as a judge of the Tribunal by the UN General Assembly on 17 November 1998 and has since been re-elected twice. His current term as judge expires in November 2009.
Judge Robinson began his long and distinguished career in public service working as a graduate teacher of English from 1964 to 1966, after which he spent three decades working for the Jamaican government. From 1968 to 1971, he served as a Crown Counsel in the Office of the Director of the Public Prosecutions. Between 1972 and 1998, he served briefly as Legal Adviser to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and subsequently in the Attorney General's Department as Crown Counsel, Senior Assistant Attorney-General, Director of the Division of International Law, and Deputy Solicitor-General.
Judge Robinson's long-standing experience in UN affairs dates back to 1972, when he became Jamaica's Representative to the Sixth (Legal) Committee of the United Nations General Assembly, a position that he held for 26 years. He played a leadership role on several items in the Committee, including the definition of aggression and the draft statute for an international criminal court. From 1981 to 1998, he led Jamaica's delegations for the negotiation of treaties on several subjects, including extradition, mutual legal assistance, maritime delimitation and investment promotion and protection.
Judge Robinson has been a member of numerous international bodies. As a member of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights from 1988 to 1995, and its Chairman in 1991, he contributed to the development of a corpus of human rights laws for the Inter-American System. As a member of the International Law Commission From 1991 to 1996, he served on the Working Group that elaborated the draft statute for an international criminal court. Judge Robinson also served as a member of the Haiti Truth and Justice Commission from 1995 to 1996, was a member of the International Bio-ethics Committee of UNESCO from 1996 to 2005, serving as its Vice-Chairman from 2002 to 2005, and represented Jamaica at the United Nations Commission on Transnational Corporations (UNCTAD), serving as its Chairman at its 12th Session in 1986. He represented Jamaica at all sessions of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea and was accredited as an ambassador to that conference in 1982.
As a judge of the Tribunal, prior to assuming his duties as President, Judge Robinson served in Trial Chamber III, where he presided over numerous cases, including those of Slobodan Milo�evi? and Dragomir Milo�evi?. In addition, he was assigned to sit on the Appeals Chamber in several cases, including the Appeals Chamber of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda in the Seromba case. Currently, Judge Robinson exceptionally continues to preside over the trial of Milan Luki? and Sredoje Luki?.
Judge Robinson is a Barrister of Law, Middle Temple, United Kingdom. He holds a B.A. in English, Latin, and Economics from University College of the West Indies (London), an LLB with honours from London University, and an LL.M. in International Law from King's College, University of London, in the areas of the Law of the Sea, the Law of the Air, Treaties, and Armed Conflict. He also holds a Certificate of International Law from The Hague Academy of International Law."]
bio[23]=["Jorge Urbina", "H.E. Ambassador Jorge Urbina
Permanent Representative of Costa Rica to the United Nations", "jorge-urbina.jpg","H.E. Ambassador Jorge Urbina was appointed Permanent Representative of Costa Rica to the United Nations in 2006. He is also a member of Costa Rica's Bar Association, the Central American Association of C�culo de Cop�n and the Centro de Estudios Democr�ticos de América Latina.
From 1970 to 1982, he worked as a Professor at the School of Law and the School of Political Science of Universidad de Costa Rica, in San José. Ambassador Urbina then served as the country's Deputy Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 1982 to 1984, and worked the following two years as Costa Rica's Vice Minister for Foreign Affairs. He then became Costa Rica's Minister of Information, a position he held from 1989 to 1990, and served as Executive President of the National Institute for Municipal Counseling and Promotion from 1986 to 1990. From 1990 through 1993, he held the post of Associate Researcher at Centro de Investigaciones Econ�micas y Sociales in Montes de Oca, and simultaneously taught at the International Affairs School of Universidad Nacional in Heredia, Costa Rica. From 1993 through 1998, Ambassador Urbina worked as a permanent consultant at the Programme for Democratic Governance in Central America, United Nations Development. Before joining the United Nations, he served as a Programme Coordinator at the International Centre for Human Development in San José, from 1998 through 2006.
Ambassador Urbina received a master in law degree from the University of Costa Rica in 1973, and a doctorate in law from the Université de Bordeaux, France, in 1977."]
bio[24]=["Aryeh Neier", "Mr. Aryeh Neier
President of the Open Society Institute", "aryeh-neier.jpg","Mr. Aryeh Neier is president of the Open Society Institute. Prior to joining the Open Society Institute in 1993, he served for 12 years as executive director of Human Rights Watch, of which he was a founder in 1978. Before that, he worked for fifteen years at the American Civil Liberties Union, eight years of which he acted as national executive director. In addition, Mr. Neier has taught as an adjunct professor of law at New York University for over twelve years, and has lectured at many of the country's leading universities.
Mr. Neier is a regular contributor to the New York Review of Books, and has been published in many periodicals. For twelve years, he wrote a column on human rights for The Nation. He has also contributed more than a hundred op-ed articles in world renowned newspapers. The author of six books, Mr. Neier has also contributed chapters to more than twenty books.
Mr. Neier is a naturalized American citizen. Born in Nazi Germany, he was a refugee at an early age. He is the recipient of six honorary degrees, as well as the American Bar Association's Gavel Award and the International Bar Association's Rule of Law Award."]
bio[25]=["Juan Mendez", "Mr. Juan Méndez
Visiting Professor, Washington College of Law, The American University", "Juan-Mendez.jpg","Mr. Juan E. Méndez is the president emeritus of the International Center for Transitional Justice (ICTJ). He is a Visiting Professor at the Washington College of Law, The American University in Washington, DC, for the 2009-2010 academic year. Between June 1 and August 15, 2009, Mr. Méndez joined the Ford Foundation as a Scholar-in-Residence. Concurrently with his tenure as President of ICTJ, Mr. Méndez served the United Nations as the Special Adviser to the Secretary-General on the Prevention of Genocide from 2004 to 2007.
In the late 1970s, Mr. Méndez was imprisoned and tortured by the Argentinean military dictatorship for his involvement in representing political prisoners. During this time, Amnesty International adopted him as a Prisoner of Conscience. He relocated to the United States upon his expulsion from his country in 1977. He worked for Human Rights Watch for 15 years (1982-1996), the last three as General Counsel. Between 1996 and 1999, he was the executive director of the Inter-American Institute of Human Rights in Costa Rica, and between 1999 and 2004, Professor of Law and Director of the Center for Civil and Human Rights at the University of Notre Dame, in Indiana. From 2000 to 2003, Mr. Méndez simultaneously served as a member of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights of the Organization of American States, and as president in 2002.
Mr. Méndez serves on the boards and councils for various organizations including the Center for Justice and International Law, the Open Society Justice initiative, the Global Center for the Responsibility to Protect and the American Bar Association Center for Human Rights. Mr. Méndez is the recipient of several human rights awards, and has held several teaching positions at the University of Notre Dame, Georgetown Law School, Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, and Oxford University in the United Kingdom. He is a member of the bar of Mar del Plata and Buenos Aires in Argentina, and the District of Columbia in the United States.
Mr. Méndez grew up in Lomas de Zamora, Argentina. He earned a J.D. from Stella Maris Catholic University in Mar del Plata, and a certificate from the American University Washington College of Law, and has dedicated his legal career to the defense of human rights."]
bio[26]=["Maina Kiai", "Mr. Maina Kiai
Former Chairman of the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights", "Maina_Kiai.jpg","Mr. Maina Kiai is the Former Chairman of the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights (KNCHR), and an advocate of the High Court of Kenya. This independent state body was established to protect and promote human rights in Kenya.
Prior to joining KNCHR, Mr. Kiai served as the Director of Africa Programs at the International Human Rights Law Group (now Global Rights) based in Washington, D.C. He also worked as the Africa Director at the International Secretariat of Amnesty International (AI) in London from 1999 to 2001. In addition, Mr. Kiai founded and served as Executive Director of the Kenya Human Rights Commission, a non-profit organization. In November 2004, Kiai was nominated to sit in the Steering Committee of the African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum (APCOF). In 2008, he became a Public Policy Scholar at the Woodrow Wilson International Center Africa Program Forum in Washington, D.C.
In February 2008, Mr. Kiai addressed the United States House of Representatives in order to expose and discuss the dynamics of the political crisis in Kenya. Speaking on behalf of KNCHR as well as Kenyans for Peace through Truth and Justice (KPTJ), an organization which united more than fifty Kenyan human rights, legal, and governance groups, he called for justice and a peaceful resolution in Kenya."]
bio[27]=["William Pace", "Mr. William R. Pace
Convenor of the Coalition for the International Criminal Court", "william-pace.jpg","Mr. Pace has served as the Convenor of the Coalition for an International Criminal Court (CICC) since its founding in 1995. He is the Executive Director of the World Federalist Movement-Institute for Global Policy and, as such, serves as the Convenor of both the CICC and the International Coalition for the Responsibility to Protect. He has been engaged in international justice, rule of law, environmental law, and human rights for the past 30 years and previously served as the Secretary-General of the Hague Appeal for Peace, the Director of the Center for the Development of International Law, and the Director of Section Relations of the Concerts for Human Rights Foundation at Amnesty International, among other positions. He is the President of the Board of the Center for United Nations Reform Education and an Advisory Board member of the One Earth Foundation, as well as the co-founder of the NGO Steering Committee for the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development and the NGO Working Group on the United Nations Security Council. He is the recipient of the William J. Butler Human Rights Medal from the Urban Morgan Institute for Human Rights and currently serves as an Ashoka Foundation Fellow. Mr. Pace has authored numerous articles and reports on international justice, international affairs and UN issues, multilateral treaty processes, and civil society participation in international decision-making."]
bio[28]=["Patricia OBrien", "Ms. Patricia O'Brien
Under-Secretary-General for Legal Affairs", "patricia-obrien.jpg","Patricia O'Brien was appointed the Under-Secretary-General for Legal Affairs and UN Legal Counsel in August 2008. She oversees the Office of Legal Affairs, the overall objectives of which are to provide a unified central legal service for the Secretariat and the principal and other organs of the United Nations; to contribute to the progressive development and codification of international public and trade law; to promote the strengthening and development as well as the effective implementation of the international legal order for the seas and oceans; to register and publish treaties; and to perform the depositary functions of the Secretary-General
Ms. O'Brien has extensive experience of legal and international affairs. Prior to her appointment she held a number of senior legal positions in Ireland. Immediately before taking up her position at the UN she served for five years as Legal Adviser to the Department of Foreign Affairs of Ireland where she advised on legal issues arising in Irish foreign policy, in particular public international law, human rights law and European Union law. She also served as a Senior Legal Adviser to the Attorney General of Ireland and as Legal Counsellor at the Irish Permanent Representation to the European Union in Brussels.
Earlier in her career Ms. O'Brien practiced law at the Irish Bar (1979-1988) and for one year at the Bar of British Columbia, Canada. Between 1989 and 1992 she held academic positions at the University of British Columbia, Canada.
Ms. O'Brien was conferred with a B.A. ( Mod ) Legal Science in 1978 and an M.A. in 1987 from Trinity College, Dublin; a B.L. (Barrister-at-Law) from Kings Inns, Dublin in 1978 and an LL.B. from the University of Ottawa Canada in 1990. She is a member of the Irish Bar (1978) and of the Bar of England and Wales (1986). She is a Fellow of the Society for Advanced Legal Studies, Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, London.
Ms. O'Brien has three children. "]
bio[29]=["Tom Nyanduga", "Commissioner Bahame Tom Nyanduga
African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights", "bahame-nyanduga.jpg","Commissioner Bahame Tom Nyanduga is a Tanzanian legal practitioner based in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. He is currently the Acting Chairperson of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, which he joined in July 2003 when he was elected member by the African Union Assembly of Heads of State and Government.
From 1978 to 1994, Commissioner Nyanduga served in the Tanzanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and was admitted to the Tanzania Bar in 1994. He served as President of the Tanganyika Law Society and the East African Law Society in 2000 and 2004, respectively. Since 2004, Commissioner Nyanduga has also served as the African Commission's Special Rapporteur on Refugees, Asylum Seekers, Internally Displaced Persons and Migrants in Africa.
Commissioner Nyanduga has participated in a number of international and African regional initiatives. While a member of the Steering Committee of experts convened by the Representative of the United Nations Secretary General on the Human Rights of Internally Displaced Persons, he participated in creating the manual, Protecting Internally Displaced Persons: A Manual for Law and Policy Makers. As a member of the Commonwealth Panel of Experts, he participated in drafting the Model National Human Rights Programme of Action for Commonwealth member States, which was adopted by the Commonwealth Summit in Kampala in 2007. In addition, Commissioner Nyanduga has also served as consultant to the African Union Commission on the formation of the draft African Union Convention on the Prevention of Internal Displacement in Africa, to be adopted in 2009. He has also conducted a series of lectures to the LL.M Human Rights and Democratisation Programe of the Centre for Human Rights, University of Pretoria, South Africa, and the Human Rights Summer School, University of Leuven, Belgium.
Commissioner Nyanduga studied law at the University of Dar es Salaam (1977), and completed his post graduate studies in International Law at both the Institute of Social Studies, The Hague (1980) and the London School of Economics (1987)."]
bio[30]=["Charles MacCormack", "Dr. Charles F. MacCormack
President and CEO, Save the Children", "charles-maccormack.jpg","Dr. Charles F. MacCormack has been President of Save the Children since January, 1993.
Dr. MacCormack was President of World Learning (formerly known as The Experiment in International Living), in Brattleboro, Vermont from 1977 through 1992. Prior to becoming President of World Learning, he served as an International Research Fellow at the Brookings Institution, Assistant to the Dean of the International Fellow Program at Columbia University and lecturer at the University of New Hampshire.
Dr. MacCormack serves as Board Chair of InterAction, and previously served on InterAction's Executive Committee. He is also a member of the Board of Directors of the International Save the Children Alliance. He has served on the Food Security Advisory Committee and the Advisory Committee on Voluntary Foreign Aid, and is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. He was selected by the United Nations Secretary General to participate in the founding of the United Nations University, served as a member of the U.S. delegation to the World Food Summit and the United States Delegation to the Preparatory Committee for the 2001 General Assembly Special Session on the Children.
He was awarded an honorary Doctor of Education by Middlebury College, an honorary Doctor of Laws by Clark University and was made a member of the Grand Cordon of the Order of Al-Istiolal by King Hussein of Jordan.
Dr. MacCormack received his Ph.D. and M.A. from Columbia University. He was a National Science Foundation Fellow at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México in Mexico City and was a Fulbright Fellow at the Universidad Central de Venezuela in Caracas. He received his B.A. from Middlebury College."]
bio[31]=["Laren Poole", "Mr. Laren Poole
Co-Founder and President, Invisible Children, Inc", "laren-poole.jpg","The San Diego native traveled to Uganda with Jason Russell and Bobby Bailey in 2003 for a filmmaking adventure, and returned with an unshakable ambition to expose the crisis and pursue a peaceful resolution to the 23-year-long conflict. Since then, Invisible Children has shared the story of those invisible children abducted by rebel leader Joseph Kony and forced to fight in his army with millions. In just four years, primarily through small donations from high school and college students, Invisible Children has raised over $25 million dollars and is now the largest NGO in northern Uganda focused on post-primary education. Their international awareness events aimed at stopping Joseph Kony have rallied more than 700,000 youth activists to raise the profile of this issue, garnering the attention of The Oprah Winfrey Show, Larry King Live, CNN International, MTV, E! News and Huffington Post amongst numerous other media outlets.
As Co-Founder and President, Laren oversees the production of Invisible Children's creative media, web and print campaigns that fuse advocacy, development and youth culture to transform apathy into activism and end Africa's longest-running war. He is also responsible for filming, producing, and editing the Feature Film.
Prior to creating the Rough Cut documentary, Laren studied Structural Engineering at the University of California San Diego (UCSD) and lent his design expertise to Jedidiah Clothing Company. Poole is a recipient of the University of California Irvine (UCI) Human Security Award (2008), the Heartland Film Festival Pioneering Spirit Award (2007) and a Webby for Creative Activism (2007)."]
bio[32]=["Cecile Aptel", "Cecile Aptel
Senior Fellow at the International Center for Transitional Justice", "cecile-aptel.jpg","A Senior Fellow at the International Center for Transitional Justice, Cecile Aptel teaches international criminal law and human rights at the Centre for Human Rights of the University of Pretoria, and at the Law Faculty of the University of Caen-Normandy.
Previously, she directed the Legal Section of the UN International Independent Investigation Commission in Lebanon. She has served as Policy Adviser to the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, and as Legal Officer at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, where she drafted the first judgments on genocide. She contributed to the establishment of the State Court of Bosnia-Herzegovina, the UN Office of Internal Oversight Services (Nairobi), the UN Office on Drugs and Crimes (South Africa/Democratic Republic of Congo), the High Commissioner for Refugees (Brussels), and the European Union.
She has authored various publications focused on international criminal law, transitional justice, and children rights, and is Co-Chair of the War Crimes Committee of the International Bar Association."]
bio[33]=["Adolfo Naranjo Trujillo", "Mayor General Oscar Adolfo Naranjo Trujillo
Colombian National Police General Director", "adolfo-trujillo.jpg","A National Police Officer, graduated of the Police Cadets Academy \"General Francisco de Paula Santander\", on May 19th 1978, day when he sweared serve to the homeland; he was born in Bogota. He is 52 years old, his family is from \"Antioquia\" region, his father is a General (police) Francisco Jose Naranjo, a former Colombian National Police Director and his mother is Mrs. Amparo Trujillo. During his career have been in a several police positions to let him to fight to transnational organized crime; in the same way, he built and set up the modernization of the Colombian National Police (CNP).
He managed, created and organized the Intelligence Police Direction, well known as \"DIPOL\", from this elite unit he achieved the disarticulation of several Colombian Crime Organizations like \"The Cali and Coast Cartels\". He lead the professionalization of his cops and the acquisition of Hi Tech equipments in order to get strong operations and new tactics against crime organizations. As Director of Criminal Investigation Direction \"DIJIN\", he continued the struggle against the crime structures known like \"killer offices\", attack the financial structure and money laundering activities and new emerging drugs organizations, whose members have links with international crime organizations.
He leaded important projects and significant challengers in others key positions, like as Commander of Special Operations Center - COPES (Swat Unit), Advisor of the Direction of Security Administrative Department (DAS), he was the Police Attaché in United Kingdom, Advisor in Colombian National Police Planning Office, Cali Metro Police Commander, among others.
The Colombian President, Dr. Alvaro Uribe Velez, appointed him as General Director of Colombian National Police on May 15th 2007, from this position he lead 149.000 Cops men and women, he designed and implemented his own new policy based on the humanism, through the seven guidelines that contribute to the progress of consolidation of the Democratic Security Policy, 1.) Human Management Model based in knowledge, 2.) Management of police services with effective results, 3.) Design and strengthening the administrative structure, 4.) Increase the Involution of Knowledge and Police Training, 5.) Scientific and Technological Police Development, 6.) Institutional Leadership and Strategic Communications and 7.) Institucional Control.
On November 2007 in Bogotá Colombia, during America Police Chief Met, General Naranjo convinced of the importance, support and cooperation between countries and police institutions in order to fight against international crime, he proposed the creation the \"Police Community of America - AMERIPOL\", with the support of 19 countries and 4 observers, with this motto \"Towards a Strategic Police Integration Against Crime in America\". He became the Executive Secretary.
Beside guide and direct the National Police, and convinced of his responsibility to contribute to keep and guarantee the rights and freedoms of all his Colombian citizens, firm is his intention to achieve the freedom and safely return of all Colombian citizens kidnapped, specially his police colleagues, that have more than ten years deprived of freedom. General Naranjo has compromised each Colombian and members of Colombian National Police, continue working tirelessly to get them return to the heat of their homes and Police family."]
bio[34]=["Zachary D. Muburi-Muita", "H.E. Ambassador Zachary D. Muburi-Muita
Permanent Representative of the Republic of Kenya to the United Nations", "muburi-muita.jpg","H.E. Ambassador Zachary D. Muburi-Muita became the Permanent Representative of the Republic of Kenya to the United Nations in 2006. Prior to this position, he served as High Commissioner (Ambassador) of Kenya to the United Republic of Tanzania from 2004-2006.
In 1982, Ambassador Muburi-Muita joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and worked in all departments. He was the Assistant Secretary III in both the Middle East Division as well as the Americas Division from 1982 to1984. From 1989 to 1992, Ambassador Muburi-Muita served as Assistant Secretary I/II in the Ministry's Protocol Division and the Asia and Australasia Division, before which he was Third Secretary at the Kenya Embassy in Sudan (1984-1989). From 1992 to 1997, he was First Secretary at the Kenya Embassy in the Netherlands. In 1998, Ambassador Muburi-Muita was promoted to Under Secretary and seconded to DOD as a faculty member at Kenya's National Defense College, which he held until 2002. Prior to this appointment, he worked one year as a Senior Assistant Secretary and Acting Head of the Asia and Australasia Division. In 2002, Ambassador Muburi-Muita served as Head of the Americas Division at the level of Under-Secretary/Second Counsellor. From 2002 to 2003, he served as Head of the Middle East Division at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, having been promoted to Principal Counsellor/Deputy Secretary. In 2004, he served as the Principal Counsellor/Deputy Secretary at the Kenya Embassy in Tel Aviv, Israel (2002-2004). In 2008-2009, Ambassador Muburi-Muita served as the Vice President of the Assembly of States Parties (ASP) of the International Criminal Court (ICC). In addition, he has led and participated in numerous international conferences and seminars.
Ambassador Muburi-Muita was educated at the University of Nairobi (1978-1981), and completed his post-graduate studies at the University of Khartoum and Oxford University."]
bio[35]=["Peter A. Slort", "Commissioner Peter A. Slort
Commissioner of the National Police of The Netherlands", "peter-slort.jpg","Commissioner Peter Slort (49) is the Law Enforcement Attaché at the Royal Netherlands Embassy in Washington DC. His primary function is acting as law enforcement liason between The Netherlands and North America, and as such, he is responsible for coordinating law enforcement efforts between The Netherlands and all countries from Nicaragua to Canada.
Mr. Slort's entire professional career, spanning 28 years, has been spent in law enforcement. Upon graduation from The Netherlands Police Academy, a four year program, Mr. Slort began service in the Regional Police Department of Amsterdam-Amstelland. He was chief of several different branches of this police department, including the uniformed and several criminal investigation divisions. Mr. Slort also headed up the Facilities and Material Resources Division for Amsterdam-Amstelland and was Chief of the Immigration Police. Prior to joining the Netherlands National Police Agency and moving to the United States for his present position, he was District Commander in one of the largest and most problematic police districts in Amsterdam.
Mr. Slort is credited with successfully revamping the Immigration Police during his tenure there. He was named Manager of the Year in 1997, and was instrumental in diversifying the Amsterdam police corps. Mr. Slort has worked extensively with law enforcement agencies in many countries regarding enhancing investigative techniques, managing police officers, and bringing more diversity to police departments in The Netherlands.
In addition to his police duties, Mr. Slort publishes a monthly column on various aspects of law enforcement in a national police management magazine, and maintains his employment with the Amsterdam-Amstelland Police Department as an ex officio adviser to the Chief.
Mr. Slort holds a Masters Degree (1998) in Public Administration from the Nederlandse School voor Openbaar Bestuur (The Netherlands University for Public Administration)."]
bio[36]=["Jorge Lomonaco", "H.E. Ambassador Jorge Lomonaco
H.E. Ambassador of Mexico to the Netherlands", "jorge-lomonaco.jpg","Born in Mexico City in 1963, he joined the Mexican Foreign Service in 1991, after six years of professional practice in the private sector.
Between 1995 and March 1998 Lomonaco was posted in London, where he headed the Multilateral Affairs Section at the Mexican Embassy and was appointed Alternate Permanent Representative of Mexico to the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the International Coffee Organization (ICO), as well as Alternate Commissioner to the International Whaling Commission (IWC), a position that he held again between 2001 and 2002. He was also elected to chair several committees, including serving two terms as Chairman of IMO's Technical Cooperation Committee.
From April 1998 to November 2000, he was posted in Washington, DC, where he served as Chief of the Mexican Embassy's Consular Liaison Office, responsible for the coordination between the Embassy and the then 45 Mexican consulates in the USA.
From 1 December 2000 to 31 October 2002, Lomonaco was Chief of Cabinet to Mexico's Minister of Foreign Affairs and on 1 November 2002 was appointed by the President as Undersecretary for Administrative Affairs (Oficial Mayor) in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
From April 2003 to July 2007, he served as Consul General in Miami.
He was designated by President Calderon and ratified by the Mexican Congress as Mexico's Ambassador to the Netherlands and Permanent Representative to the International Organisation for Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, positions that he holds since 27 July 2007.
In 2008 and 2009, Ambassador Lomonaco also served as Agent of Mexico to the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in the Request for Interpretation of the Judgment of 31 March 2004 in the Case concerning Avena and Other Mexican Nationals (Mexico v. United States of America).
Lomonaco was elected as the first Chairman of the Oversight Committee for the permanent premises of the International Criminal Court (ICC), position he held from January 2008 to January 2009.
In November 2008, Ambassador Lomonaco was elected Vice-president of the Assembly of States Parties (ASP) of the ICC for the period of 2008 - 2011. In that capacity, he has been appointed by the Bureau of the ASP as coordinator of The Hague Working Group.
Since May 2009, Lomonaco is Chairperson of the Executive Council of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) for the period 2009 - 2010. "]
bio[37]=["Augusto", "Justice Augusto Ibañez
President of the Supreme Court of Justice for Colombia", "augusto-ibanez.jpg","Augusto Ibáñez is the President of the Supreme Court of Justice in Colombia and has been a Magistrate of the Criminal Chamber of the Supreme Court since 2007. Ibáñez received his law degree from the Universidad Externado de Colombia in 1985 and has several post-graduate specializations in criminal law from the Universidad Externado and the Universidad Salamanca in Spain. He worked for many years as a private litigator, and has also served previously in the House of Representatives and as ad hoc Attorney General of the Nation. From 1999 to 2001, he represented Colombia on the Preparatory Commission for the International Criminal Court. Ibáñez is currently a professor of law at the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and the director of the Department of Criminal Law there. He has written and lectured extensively in the area criminal law and particularly on the relationship between international criminal law and domestic systems."]
bio[38]=["Gustavo", "Dr. Gustavo Gallón Giraldo
Director of the Colombian Commission of Jurists", "gustavo-gallon-giraldo.jpg","Dr. Gustavo Gallón Giraldo has been the Director of the Colombian Commission of Jurists since its creation in 1988. In June 1998, he was elected to the International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) and to the ICJ's Executive Committee in April 2004.
Dr. Gallón is an ad-hoc judge of the Constitutional Court of Colombia. From 1999 to 2002, he served as Special Representative of the Commission on Human Rights for Equatorial Guinea. He also participated in Colombia's peace process as an independent expert of the \"Commission for the overcoming of violence\", created in 1991 by the peace agreements between the Colombian Government and the two guerilla groups.
Dr. Gallón also worked as an independent expert of a subsequent Commission created in 1995 to propose a new military code for Colombia.
Dr. Gallón serves on the Board of Directors of several organizations, including the Centre for Justice and International Law. He is also a member of the Andean Commission of Jurists.
Dr. Gallón is a lawyer from the University Externado de Colombia, and received his master's degree (D.E.A) in political science from the University of Paris. He also carried out PhD studies in political sociology at the High Studies School on Social Sciences in Paris.
He is the author and editor of several books and articles on human rights and Rule of Law, like \"Peace, Democracy, and Human Rights in Colombia\", Notre Dame University Press, 2007.
In addition, Dr. Gallón has taught at various institutions, including the University of Notre Dame in the USA, and the Colombian universities of Javeriana, Los Andes, Nacional and Externado de Colombia. He is the recipient of various awards, including the Human Rights Watch International Prize in 1989 for human rights monitors and the Lawyers' Committee for Human Rights International Prize in 1997. "]
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